Hesiods Theogony And Genesis Essay - 1390 Words

Since the time of great antiquity and the Neolithic Revolution, humans across various parts of the globe have imagined and reimagined stories that aimed to explain the general idea of beginning. Humans have attempted to describe the beginning of the universe and its relationship to the gods; this is achieved primarily by the creation of origin stories and myths. Many of these stories and myths feature the prevailing stereotype that gods are omnipotent – Latin roots: omnis (all) and possum (able to); literally translated as able to [do] all things – and are equipped with extraordinary physical/mental strengths. This perception is intensively explored in Hesiod’s Theogony and The Genesis. Both illustrate the â€Å"beginning† from two different†¦show more content†¦Before the instigation of all the battles, Zeus â€Å"freed his uncles from their dreadful bonds,/ The sons of Heaven; his father, foolishly,/ Had bound them. They remembered gratitude/ A nd gave him thunder and the blazing bolt/ And lighting, which, before, vast Earth had hid† (Hesiod, 39). Military campaigns are hardly won without establishing alliances; similarly, Zeus knew that it is unwise and arguably impossible for him to fight the Titans, who are outnumbering him, using only his own hands. Therefore, freeing his uncles remains imperative for the victory of his war. It was as if he was obliged to do so, further emphasizing the fact that Zeus would not have been able to obtain his never-ending power alone. Not only Zeus that is contradicting the prevailing stereotype, but also other gods and goddesses (e.g. Gaia, Kottos, Gyes, and Briareus). When Ouranos and Gaia bore three sons, their sons were â€Å"insolent children, each with a hundred arms/ On his shoulders, darting about, untouchable,/ And each had fifty heads, standing upon/ His shoulders, over the crowded mass of arms† (Hesiod, 28). The reproduction process among gods are analogous to those of humans; reproducing is simple and cannot choose how their sons and daughters would come out like. Ouranos, the Heaven, in this case, did not appreciate the birth of his three sons – indicated by his â€Å"enjoyment [of his] wickedness† – andShow MoreRelatedComparing The Prometheus And Genesis1530 Words   |  7 Pagesmyth and the consequent chapters of Genesis, it is quite clear that how one views each piece is subject to their previous knowledge. Today, it is much easier to read Prometheus objectively. It would generally be safe to assume that no one in proximity is a worshipper of Zeus. Reading Genesis is fairly different. Everyone in North America, and most other parts of the world, have at least a very general idea of what Genesis says, or is believed to say. In this essay, the understanding of differencesRead MoreGreek Mythology : A Polytheistic Text And The Book Of Genesis1270 Words   |  6 Pagesto command. For the purpose of this essay, consequent ly, power is related to neither physical nor mental strength, but the ability to command, govern, keep order, and maintain obedience. This term and its definition is intensively explored in Hesiod’s Theogony – a polytheistic text – and The Book of Genesis – a monotheistic text. The two readings explain the beginning of two different cultures; Theogony elaborates the beginning of Greek mythology while Genesis centers around the beginning of Judeo-ChristianRead MoreComparisons Of Ancient Cosmogonies, Platonic And Biblical Cosmogonies2008 Words   |  9 PagesCosmogonies Cosmogony myths and stories are seen throughout many cultures and religions and more often then not they overlap with one another sharing many similarities. Although they share similarities they can also have stark differences. This essay will look at the similarities and differences of the Hesiodic, Platonic and Biblical cosmogonies and why this may be, focusing on divine craftsmanship/creation of the world, the creation of man and woman and paradise and the humans fall from it. Read MoreCosmic Creation Myths Across Cultures1978 Words   |  8 Pageselements that are not in the version of the story in our reading. Write a response to each of the prompts, not as an essay, and number each response to correspond to the prompt. Write in complete sentences and full paragraphs so that your points in each prompt stand on their own (that is, do not assume your reader has read the assignment directions), but do not write an essay. The complete assignment should have a word count of 800 to 1400 words (not including the title page, references page,Read MoreHindu Mythology2128 Words   |  9 Pagesmyth of Hinduism as I am a Hindu myself. I shall begin by creating a clear understanding of Hinduism thereafter proceeding on to discuss the various creation myths of this culture as well as its many religious beliefs. Finally, I will conclude my essay. Hinduism is currently followed by one fifth of humankind. (A Michaels, 2004: 12) It is a religious tradition of Indian origin, embracing the beliefs and practices of Hindus. Hinduism is a religion of diverse gods and goddesses. It comprises elaborate

John Keats’ Poem, When I Have Fears That I May Cease To

John Keats’ poem, When I have fears that I may cease to be, is a well-known work that embodies many Romantic principles. The poem, explored in the context of Keats’ suffering from consumption, laments human impermanence while simultaneously exploring philosophical notions. Keats implements the use of the Shakespearean sonnet with each quatrain, beginning with the ambiguous, but time-bound word ‘when,’ manifesting these ideas in unique ways. When I have fears that I may cease to be uses the structure of the sonnet to delineate between the realms of reality and fantasy, while contributing to the overarching concept of eternity and ultimately reaches the conclusion that even lofty ideas that appear eternal ultimately erode. The first line†¦show more content†¦It is this sentiment, in fact, that motivates him to write this very sonnet; ironically, the sonnet in turn laments his inability to write more. However, the impending death that creates the incapacity to write down thoughts does not detract from the complexity of the thoughts. On the contrary, Keats’ comparison of his imagination to harvestable grain shows confident self-recognition of his own ability, highlighting the awareness of â€Å"the poet’s own ripeness in his art† (Grosholz 604). This art â€Å"teems† in his brain and is â€Å"rich,† and these qualities compel him to pour out his feelings into this one sonnet, despite his belief that this will be the last sonnet he writes. However, his fervent but vain desire to express the entirety of his poetic notions â€Å"imparts to [him] the hunger, or poverty, necessary for production, but†¦also dwarfs whatever [he] has already written† (Hecht 116). Accordingly, by longing to write his unspoken wisdom, Keats rejects any greatness associated with his previous works. This untapped potential consequently creates a paradox for Keats as he is both the field of grain and its harvester (Saksono 97). Thus, he alone is capable of cultivating and sharing his work despite his waning health. The prospect of this work is still tantalizing to him, though, as Hecht states that â€Å"‘The high piled books, in charactry’ promise that if they could only be written, meaning would outlive theShow MoreRelatedKeats Poems : Homer, Fears, Nightingale, And Urn 733 Words   |  3 Pages The Power of Keats Poems (An Analysis of Keats Poems called Homer, Fears, Nightingale, and Urn) John Keats was a romantic poet in the early 1800s. He lived from 1975 to 1821, a rather short lived life and died at the young age of just twenty-five. Although Keats died at a young age, the years that he lived he created a huge impact on society with his poems. Keats developed an interest in poetry and reading at a young age, setting him up to become an avid poet. John Keats expressed one majorRead MoreJohn Keats: When I Have Fears That I May Cease to Be806 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Keats: When I have Fears that I May Cease to Be John Keats was a famous romantic poet whose work was characterized mainly by his use of diction, tone, and other literary devices to create sensual imagery in his works of poetry. Throughout the Elizabethan sonnet, When I have Fears that I May Cease to Be, one can see that Keats reflected his thoughts on life and death personal real life circumstances; ones he was facing during the time he wrote the poem. By using a combination of variousRead MoreAnalysis Of John Keats1078 Words   |  5 PagesThe Different Perspective (A Discussion on messages in John Keats poems.) John Keats was a poet in the 1800’s who was way ahead of his time. Keats left his indelible mark on literature. Even though Keats lived a hard, short life, it never stopped him from writing good literature. â€Å"He had no advantages of birth, wealth or education; he lost his parents in childhood, watched one brother die of tuberculosis and the other emigrate to America. Poverty kept him from marrying the woman he loved. And heRead More John Keats Essay911 Words   |  4 Pages English Literature Biographical Speech Keats, John (1795-1821) English poet, one of the most gifted and appealing of the 19th century and a seminal figure of the romantic movement. Keats was born in London, October 31, 1795,and was the eldest of four children. His father was a livery-stable owner, however he was killed in a riding accident when Keats was only nine and his mother died six years later of tuberculosis. Keats was educated at the Clarke School, in Enfield, and at the age of 15 wasRead MoreJohn Keats: The Next Shakespeare Essay829 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Keats can easily be ranked as the top British poet to ever live; or at least in the top five ranking mark. His usage of his poems structures has become famous, just as his poems have become famous. Due to the young death of this famous poet, his literary work was cut short. Ever since he knew he was going to die, when he discovered he had contracted tuberculosis, he had thought that he would never be remembered; so much so that according to the web-site â€Å"Poets Graves† which states the inscriptionRead MoreThe And Out Of The Cradle Endlessly Rocking By Walt Whitman942 Words   |  4 Pa gesbut had opposite meanings in â€Å"When I have fears that I may cease to be† by John Keats and â€Å"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking† by Walt Whitman. Bits and pieces of nature were used to personify mortality. Additional historical context showed that the poems are reflections of their respective authors’ view on mortality. The interpreted meanings of the theme from the poems were greatly different. Despite being written four decades apart, similarities between the poems were rampant. Poets used natureRead MoreHow Does John Keatss Poetry Reflect the Romantic Era Essay781 Words   |  4 Pagespoetry of John Keats reflects the values of Romanticism. The Romantic Era spanned roughly between 1798 and 1832 and its poetry places an emphasis on the imagination, nature and feeling. The Romantic period was associated with imagination as people looked with fresh curiosity into the workings of their own minds, generating ideas that laid a foundation for modern psychology. Romanticism emerged out of the rational thought of the Enlightenment Era into a redemptive and inspiring period. John Keats was bornRead MoreThe Poems Of John Keats989 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough John Keats didn’t live a very long life, he still left a pretty good size mark on literature. This thought only intrigues many writers and readers to wonder what he could have possibly accomplished had he not died at such a young age and been able to continue writing. He was born into the working class and very early in his life developed a reputation for fighting, and it was not until he met one of his close friends that he became interested in poetry. The other two writers in this sectionRead MoreWilliam Blake And John Keats952 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Blake and John Keats are consider one of the most influential and well-known poets of the 1800 Romantic Era. Some scholars refer to Blake as a seminal figure of the Romantic Age; while Keats is referred to a one of the main second generation figures in the Romantic Era. Blake and Keats have both written a plethora of poems in which some share some of the same characteristics and differ in others. Although Blake wasn t well recognized in his time, he was able to write, â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper†Read MoreJohn Keats : The Five Senses, Reality Departures, And Nature1628 Words   |  7 Pagesnot come at all† (biography). John Keats was an English-born poet who was known for his sonnets, romances, and epics. He was a well-known romantic poet who was criticized because of his style of poetry. In his poems, Keats uses frequent themes such as death, the five senses, reality departures, and nature. As a romantic poet, John Keats uses imagery and emotion based themes as way to display his beliefs in his poetry. Born in London, England on October 31, 1795, Keats suffered a tragic childhood

Herbert Hoover Biography and Presidency

Herbert Hoover (1874-1964) served as Americas thirty-first president. Before turning to politics, he served as a mining engineer in China. He and his wife Lou were able to escape the country when the Boxer Rebellion broke out. During World War I, he was quite effective organizing Americas war relief efforts. He was then named as the Secretary of the Commerce for two presidents: Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge. When he ran for the presidency in 1928, he handily won with 444 electoral votes.   Here is a quick list of fast facts for Herbert Hoover. For more in depth information, you can also read the Herbert Hoover Biography Birth August 10, 1874 Death October 20, 1964 Term of Office March 4, 1929-March 3, 1933 Number of Terms Elected 1 Term First Lady Lou Henry Chart of the First Ladies Herbert Hoover Quote Every time the government is forced to act, we lose something in self-reliance, character, and initiative.Additional Herbert Hoover Quotes Major Events While in Office Stock Market Crash (1929) Start of the Great Depression (1929) Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930)Bonus Army March (1932)Lame Duck Amendment Ratified (1933) The stock market crashed on Black Thursday, October 24, 1929, only seven months after Hoover had taken office. Five days later, on October 29th, Black Tuesday happened devastating stock prices even further. This was the beginning of the Great Depression that would effect countries around the world. Unemployment levels in the United States hit twenty-five percent.   When the Hawley-Smoot Tariff was passed in 1930, Hoovers goal was to protect the American farming industry. However, the real effect of this tariff was that foreign countries countered with high tariffs of their own.   In 1932, a Bonus March happened in Washington. Veterans had previously been awarded insurance under President Calvin Coolidge that was to be paid out after twenty years. However, because of the economic devastation of the Great Depression, over 15,000 veterans went to Washington D.C. to demand immediate payouts of their bonus insurance. They were virtually ignored by Congress. The Marchers ended up living in shantytowns around the US Capitol. To deal with this situation, Hoover sent in the military under  General Douglas MacArthur to get the veterans to move. The military used tanks and tear gas to get the veterans to leave.   Hoover lost reelection by a wide margin as he was blamed for much of the fallout and dire situations for many Americans during the Great Depression.   States Entering Union While in Office None Related Herbert Hoover Resources: These additional resources on Herbert Hoover can provide you with further information about the president and his times. Causes of the Great DepressionWhat actually caused the Great Depression? Here is a list of the top five most commonly agreed upon causes of the Great Depression. Chart of Presidents and Vice PresidentsThis informative chart gives quick reference information on the presidents, vice-presidents, their terms of office, and their political parties. Other Presidential Fast Facts Calvin CoolidgeFranklin D. RooseveltList of American Presidents

Increasing Oil Production in the United States of America

Increasing Oil Production in the United States of America Crude oil is a major source of energy for the world. Everyday the United States consumes more crude oil than it produces. The growing number of barrels of oil imported into the Unites States and rising gas prices are major concerns. Even though increasing the United States crude oil production may not lower gas prices immediately, it will eventually allow the United States to be energy independent. Oil is used in many different ways besides gasoline. Many types of products worldwide consume oil. Plastics, rubber, tar, lubricates, asphalt, perfume and wax are just a few of the byproducts that come from oil. A barrel of crude oil, which is 42 U.S. gallons, will produce around†¦show more content†¦Examples of renewable energy sources are, solar, hydroelectric, geothermal, biomass, and wind. Renewable energy is expensive to produce but due to the high price of oil and natural gas, it has become cost-effective. Additionally the federal government has offered tax credits to enco urage the development of more renewable energy sources. The Energy Information Administration (2008) states that the United States is the second largest country to produce renewable electricity. Specifically hydroelectric power is the most abundant renewable source of energy at this time. Wind turbine technology has improved in the past few years. Wind turbines produce electricity to be sent to people’s homes. In 2006 wind produced 4% of the United States energy supply (Energy Information Administration, 2008). As more and more wind farms are constructed that percentage will go up. The more energy that can be produced by renewable sources, will allow the United States to use natural gas for transportation rather than powering the homes of the American people. Every energy source the United States can use will help with the dependence on foreign oil. In 2006 nuclear power accounted for 8% of the United States total energy supply (Energy Information Administration, 2008). The United States has more than 100 nuclear power plants operating to produce electricity (Brain, 2008). Nuclear powerShow MoreRelatedThe Energy Crisis Of 19791422 Words   |  6 PagesEnergy is a daily consumption that everybody uses in their daily lives. As a nation, we as modern people in the United States rely heavily upon energy sources such as oil, wind, thermal, natural, solar, hydraulic, etc. During the 70s, energy was a booming industry that everybody wanted to be a part of. This industry affected people s way of living and everyday use of technology such as house appliances, automobiles, industry, and city power grids. During this era, an energy crisis occurred whichRead MorePetroleum: An American Addiction1261 Words   |  6 Pages America the beautiful, land of the greed and the home of oil. Along with being a major superpower comes an insurmounta ble thirst for fossil fuels. Imperialist ideals and the corporate oil empire can bring stability and jobs but heavy costs also arise. Numerous solutions have been tried, but without fixing the underlying problem more issues are inevitable. Our over-consumption has an incredible effect on our reliance on foreign oil. OPEC, the Organization of the Oil Producing Countries, has suppliedRead MoreMichael Klares Blood and Oil Essay1504 Words   |  7 PagesMichael Klares Blood and Oil Michael Klare has written an interesting and very relevant book, dealing as it does with the politics of oil, US foreign policy, the Middle East, and the causes of terrorism. He writesRead MoreThe Company Corporation And Exxon Corporation Essay1602 Words   |  7 Pages ExxonMobil, is the largest publicly traded oil and gas company in the world. It was formed from the merger of Mobil Corporation and Exxon Corporation and it is best known in many countries by the brand names Exxon, Esso, and Mobil. The company was incorporated on August 5, 1882 and it operates through five different segments: Upstream, Downstream, Chemical, and Corporate and Finance. The Upstream segment explores for and produces crude oil and natural gas. The Downstream segment manufactures andRead MoreWhat Are The Causes Of Gas Prices762 Words   |  4 Pagesoutlets. With the price of crude oil hovering around $100 a barrel, it is no wonder that concern is growing about the gas prices being so high. After all, modern economies are kept moving by this lifeblood. For instance, in the United States alone personal vehicles consume more than 140 billion gallons of diesel fuel and gasoline per year.However, there are several factors that contribute to the gas prices being so high. Given below are a few of them. Increasing Demand for Oil One of the main catalystsRead MoreOil Crisis : An Essential Element Of Our Modern Community1390 Words   |  6 PagesOil is an essential element to our modern community. People need oil to fill up their tanks for their car, light up their light bulbs at home, and much more. Most of the world’s oil have got imported from the Middle East, in Arab countries. The oil crisis has led America on the road of not depending on other countries imported goods, and try to create their own with their own resources, this is one reason why America is the top economy country in this world. In American history, Americans recognizeRead MoreExportation Of United States Crude Oil Embargo Act ( Worstall )1401 Words   |  6 PagesExportation of United States’ crude oil has recently become a major topic of debate due to enhanced oil discovering techniques. These new production and extraction methods have been developed to fully produce reservoirs across the country. Since 1973, the United States’ government has placed rigid restrictions on the exportation of crude oil produced within the country (Johnson). These restrictions have prohibited the sale of U.S. crude oil to foreign markets (with some exceptions). President RichardRead MoreThe Oil Spill Of 20101535 Words   |  7 PagesDue to high costs of oil, many countries have taken the act of turning to renewable energy sources. Burning fossil fuels also has a downside to the environment, polluting the air and water, and damaging the health of plants and animals. The BP Oil spill of 2010 is one example of how dangerous fossil fuels are when they are exposed to the environment. There is much controversy in the United States for renewable energy sources being funded, but the facts are on the rise. Having a cleaner and more efficientRead MoreGovernment Incentives on Biofuel: An Argumentative Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesof how the Government incentives on biofuel are raising the food prices. Introduction Biofuel is a type of energy which can be derived from biomass, animal waste and most controversially from renewable plants. Biofuel is used as a substitute for oil and other energies. The reasons for the growing fame of biofuel is both negative and positive as it is an alternative form of energy for the government and makes their life easy, on the other hand biofuel has made people life miserable by causing aRead MoreRenewable Energy And Climate Change1477 Words   |  6 Pagesatmosphere. Governments across the globe including the United Kingdom government have adopted various policies that focus on dealing with the issue. There are various policies that help in dealing with the issue including lessening greenhouse gases emissions, adapting to the effects of climate change, and geo-engineering of the climate system. The attempts by the UK government to address this problem require an understanding of the increasing energy demands and its future impact and use of suitable

Ideas of Charles Cooley Free Essays

Charles Cooley was born on 17th August 1864 and died on 8th May1929. He was George Mead’s contemporary, and each greatly influenced the other’s thinking. Like Mead, Cooley believed that social interaction is the basis of the socialization process. We will write a custom essay sample on Ideas of Charles Cooley or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cooley saw the individual and society as parts of a whole, not as separate entities. In Cooley’s theory, each individual is linked to the social world mainly through the looking glass self. His own self-examination and observation of his children aided him in forming his concepts of the looking-glass self and primary groups. This essay focuses on the looking glass self theory of Charles Cooley and his other ideas. Sociologist Charles Cooley is best known for his concept of looking glass self, the theory that self-image is formed largely by the message we get from others, and an individual’s interpretation of those messages. Cooley argued that a person’s self grows out of a person’s transaction with others. One’s consciousness of him or herself is a reflection of the ideas about him or herself that he or she attributes to other minds; thus, there can be no isolated selves. In other words Cooley says that we see ourselves as we think others see us. For example, when learning table manners children develop a sense of what others find acceptable and as they a taught they become socialized. Through the looking glass, we learn that we are intelligent or dull, attractive or unattractive. Cooley argues that the judgments of some people in our lives are more important than judgments of others, for example a spouse’s compliment or low opinion may have a greater effect on someone’s self perception than the same comment made by some stranger. The lingering influence of significant of others helps explain how we can sometimes maintain a positive self image at times when many people look down on us, or negative self image when many people think well of us. The looking glass self is a simple and domestic metaphor for the way society’s image for us becomes incorporated into our own self image. The looking-glass self begins at an early age and continues throughout a person’s entire life as one will never stop modifying their self unless all social interactions cease. We do not see ourselves us through the eyes of others quite as literally as we see ourselves in an actual mirror. Our notion of how others see us may not be quite accurate and we may also be evaluated differently by different people. What others think of you is no doubt very important in making your self-image and as a result, who you are and what you do. According to Cooley, we gain a definition of our self in three steps: firstly through the beliefs about how we appear to others, secondly through the beliefs about their judgments of how we appear to them and thirdly the response to the imagined judgment. Through the imagined judgment we develop pride, shame, improved self-esteem, slightly damaged self-esteem, and other attributes of the self. Once Cooley had established his theory of the self, he then focused his analysis on the human groupings that he conceived to be primary and secondary in linking man with his society and in integrating individuals into the social fabric. Cooley defined primary groups as those small groups in which all the members have enduring, intimate face-to-face interaction and cooperation. Cooley coined the term primary for these groups because they include the family, our first social group, and social linkages. Close friends, children’s play groups, and perhaps some neighbors and some work groups also constitute primary groups. As Cooley explains, primary groups are important in forming the social nature and ideals of individuals. In primary groups, members value each other as individuals and achieve from personal fulfillment. They do things that will benefit the group, without expectation of payment or self-serving benefit. Example, one member of a family might wash laundry or perform housework that benefits all members. On the other hand, secondary groups are larger groups in which all members do not interact directly and have relationships that are not permanent. Members do not share intimate bonds like those in primary groups. People do join these groups for benefits in some way. They may leave the group or join other groups when they feel like it is necessary. However, these groups may still have some shared norms and sense of group identity. Examples of secondary groups include office workers and students in an exercise class. These groups are also important to our views of ourselves, but less to the primary groups. The notions of the looking-glass self and the primary group are closely related in Cooley’s views. The reactions to the thoughts of others is the mark of the mature human and according to Cooley can be developed and fostered only in the close and intimate interactions of the primary group. Hence, this group is the cell in which characteristically human growth takes place. In the primary group the immature and self-centered person is slowly attuned to the needs and desires of others and becomes fitted to the give-and-take of mature social life. The primary group fosters the ability to put oneself into the position of others, drawing the individual out of egotistic isolation by building into him that sensitivity to the clues of others without which social life would be impossible. The differences between primary and secondary groups are as follows, primary groups are smaller because it consists of few members and this helps develop its members personal relations among themselves while secondary groups are larger and due to its size the members do not have personal relations. Relation is natural in primary groups and formal in secondary groups. Also the position of members is determined by his work or function in secondary groups but in primary groups, the position of each person is determined on the basis of the family. Cooley’s sociology is holistic. He stressed about the systematic relationships between social processes in society. He argued that each aspect of society was dependent on others for its growth and survival. If we say that society is an organism, we mean that it is a complex form of processes each of which is living and growing by interaction with the others, the whole being so unified that what takes place in one part affects all the rest. In addition to these essential concerns, Cooley, like W. I Thomas George H Mead made a crucial important contribution to sociological method. Independently of Max Weber but roughly the same time as he, they argued that the study of human actions must be concerned with the meanings human actors attach to the situation in which they find themselves hence the study must go beyond purely behavioral description. Cooley believed that the social sciences deprived themselves of their best material by leaving out human motives for action. Cooley emphasized that the study of the human social world must be centered upon attempts to examine the subjective meanings human actors attribute to their actions, and that such meanings must be studied in part through ‘understanding’ rather than through exclusive reliance on the reporting of behavior. Cooley’s theories provided evidence in response to a threefold necessity that had developed within the society. The first of which was the necessity to create an understanding of ocietal phenomena that highlighted the subjective mental processes of individuals yet realized that these subjective processes were effects and causes of society’s processes. The second necessity examined the development of a social dynamic conception that pictured states of chaos as natural occurrences which could provide opportunities for â€Å"adaptive innovation. † Finally, a need to demonstrate that people were capable of exerting some form of â€Å"informed moral cont rol† over current problems and future directions. In conclusion, Charles Cooley is known in sociology most commonly for his development for the looking glass self. Cooley was one of the first to define the exact importance that society plays in forming the individual. He was also renowned for discovering human groups within the society stating that there are primary and secondary groupings that link man to society each having different, however, similar functions. Moreover, he argued that society is like an organism in the sense that each aspect of society is dependent on the other in order to survive. Furthermore Cooley argued that the study of human actions must be concerned with the meanings humans attach to the activity. Finally, Cooley’s theories provided evidence in response to a threefold necessity that developed within the society – necessities to create an understanding of social phenomena, a necessity that examined a social dynamic conception and a need to demonstrate that people were capable of exerting some form of informed moral control. Bibliography Coser L. A, Masters of Sociological Thought, 2nd Ed, Aarcourt Brace Company, New York, 1977. Levine, D. N, Visions of the Sociological Tradition. The University of Chicago Press, 1995 Starks, R. Sociology. 10th ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2007. Stolley, K. S, The Basics of Sociology, Greenwood Press, Westport Connecticut, 2005 How to cite Ideas of Charles Cooley, Essay examples

The Evaluation of the Achievements in the Implementation of Millienium

Question: Discuss about the Evaluation of the Achievements in the Implementation of Millienium ? Answer: Introduction The increase in population especially due to the uncontrolled family practices has equally resulted in various associated challenges which include sicknesses as well as increase in child mortality rates. As deduced from these studies, the challenges associated with high population are mostly felt in developing continents for instance in most parts of Africa. The aspect of child and maternal mortality rates has become a global concern for a good period of time. The unavailability of enough facilities, low economic standards and hence poor standards of living are the core contributors to the increase in rates of child and maternal mortality (Alesina, 2000). In order to establish the necessary mitigation factors, various bodies have come on board and introduced various approaches aimed at offering long lasting solutions to these social problems. Some of these bodies include the Non-Governmental organizations and other institutions which offer foreign aid to the disadvantaged areas with the aim of reducing the cases of mortality. Literature Review Alesina, A. (2000) Who gives foreign aid to whom and why? Journal of Economic Growth 5 (1), pp. 3363. The author highlights reduction of child and maternal mortality as one of the core objectives of the Millenium Development goals. He begins by defining child mortality as the death of new born babies which happens only a short while after they are born. Maternal mortality on the other hand is the death of mothers soon after giving birth. This though might happen after a while. Child and maternal mortality could be caused by a number of factors among the leading ones being lack of enough resources and health facilities. Most new born babies succumb to their complications due to lack of basic facilities necessary for their care. The author further notes that there is an inevitable need for qualified personnel with the necessary expertise and skills needed to take care of both the mother and the child. When these basic needs lack for the mothers and their young babies, they remain vulnerable and hence exposed to various other risks. The authors arguments adequately support the topic of discussion. For instance, he suggests the establishment of well-equipped health facilities especially in most parts of the targeted regions. Such a strategy would go a long way in enhancing the achievement of the millennium goals with respect to child and maternal mortality. When these facilities are made available at the right time, the challenges faced by the mothers during the early periods after giving birth are carefully taken care of. As highlighted by the author, the facilities also ought to be located in strategic places in a bid to ensure that the users can easily access and hence use them. The equipment used within the facilities also ought to be efficient and effective enough for their purposes. These may include the hospital beds, scanner machines and other apparatus used in case of operations. The availability of good facilities plays a crucial role in reducing the related risks (Berthlemy and Tichit, 2004). Balkundi, P. and Harrison, A. (2006) Ties, leaders, and time in teams: Strong inference about network structures effects on team viability and performance. Academy of Management, 49(1), pp. 4968. In order to lay the right base for the discussion of the role of foreign aid in minimizing the child and mother mortality rates, the authors outline some of the causative factors related to the research problem. According to them, one common aspect which has led to the increase in mortality rates especially in the developing countries is the lack of accessibility as a result of poor infrastructure. Statistics indicate that about 20% of infants in the vulnerable areas die every year when they fail to get the needed care in good time (Argenti and Beck, 2005). The authors use of qualitative research methods does a lot in laying the right emphasis on the elements of their arguments of millennium development goals. They note that out of the 20%, about three quarters of the total population involve victims who are located in remote locations served by poor road and communication networks. The poor network makes it hard for the individuals to be accessed by the help which may be accorded by the foreign bodies. In addition to poor facilities, lack of access to the available ones goes a long way in hindering the effectiveness of the rescue processes. The authors then effectively reveal one of the ways in which foreign aid has enhanced the achievement of millennium development goals on child and maternal mortality. In order to come up with a long lasting solution to this challenge, the foreign bodies have resorted to work together with the governments in the targeted bodies by providing the necessary support to enable them enhance the equipment of the facilities as well as the accessibilities of such places. As indicated from the empirical studies, the lives of many women and children would have been saved were the victims able to access the needed services in good time. Bossidy, L. and Charan, R. (2002) Execution: The discipline of getting things done. New York: Crown. This article largely focuses on some of the practical strategies which the related organizations could implement in a bid to achieve the development goals. In order to take good care of children and the mothers especially during the early stages soon after birth, there is an inevitable need for skill personnel with good expertise in their area of responsibilities. For instance, the health care workers served with the responsibility of helping the mother through the process of giving birth out to be skilled and adequately exposed in this area. The authors argue that having a good knowledge of the work requirements prevents the medical personnel from making costly mistakes in their attempt to help the mother and equally save the child. In case of complications during child birth, the mother might need to be taken through caesarian operations; this process requires skilled workers to enhance its efficiency, security as well as effectiveness. Lack of enough trained personnel in this area has been one of the greatest challenges to the foreign bodies attempts to curb the problem of child and maternal mortality. The few skilled workers choose to work in the urban environments which leave the remote villages the most vulnerable and hence affected areas. The authors note that one strategy which has been used in the foreign bodies in the past involves not only training the workers to enhance their skills but also bringing in trained personnel to aid in the process. The authors argument adequately supports the fact that the achievement of the millennium development goals has been greatly enhanced through foreign aid. As highlighted by the authors, the organizations responsible for foreign aid therefore aim at uplifting the societys standards through the implementation of various strategies. The approaches may not only involve the distribution of financial aid, the institutions avail resources and materials for instance the human resources to help in curbing the challenge of child and maternal mortality. Brown, S. (2005) Foreign Aid and Democracy Promotion: Lessons from Africa The European Journal of Development Research, 17(2), pp.179198. Brown in this informative article describes foreign aid as the form or amount of support that a country obtains from external bodies. In most cases, foreign aid takes the form of financial support flowing from the developed countries to the less developed areas. In some cases, foreign aid may take the form of other materials and resources moved from one country to another in a bid to enhance operations or improve the living standards in the receiving country. As noted the author, the aspect of countries getting grants from their more developed counterparts has come with a number of benefits. The author outlines the relationship between foreign aid and a countrys democracy. The article reveals that the country providing the aid has a number of ways of influencing operations, leadership and governance within the receiving country. For instance, most countries in Africa receive foreign aid from the US. The country which has its set policies on foreign aid makes specific regulations whic h have to be noted by the receiving nation. Due to these kinds of arrangements, the receiving countries have had their political and democratic systems impacted through foreign aid. A democratic nation is likely to have a fair and equitable spread of its resources to most parts of the country. Through stable political systems, a government is able to organize its strategies and hence ensure infrastructural, industrial and economic developments. It can therefore be deduced from this review that foreign aid has a direct influence on a countrys democracy and therefore can influence its political strategies in one way or the other. Through both qualitative and quantitative research approaches, the article emphasizes that the subsequent distribution of resources is likely to see the development of better health facilities and good roads especially in the remote parts of the country. The roads play a pivotal role in enhancing the accessibility of the health facilities. This in turn would have a direct impact on the child and maternal maternity rates. This is because the mortality cases associated with the patients inability to access the needed care in good time are largely minimized through the establishment of good facilities. The author indicates his strong support for the topical issue by noting that the government ought to ensure an equal distribution of resources and work in terms of priority when it comes to developing the various sectors. For instance, the health fraternity is considerably one of the most under-supported areas in most countries. The author makes a rallying call to governments to ensure that the sectors in most need ought to be handled with the highest priority for instance the healthcare, communication, transport and industrial sectors. This step would go a long way in minimizing the death rates of young children and mothers due to poor health facilities (World Bank, 2002). From the authors statistical projections, the rate of child and mate rnal mortality has reduced by 10% since 2000 in most countries in central, western and eastern Africa as a result of the implementation of the millennium development goals. This positive change can be attributed to the developments brought about by countries receiving foreign aid. Pronk, J. (2004) Catalyzing development? A debate on aid, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Through a combination of both qualitative and quantitative approaches, the author gives a clear perspective on the roles that foreign aid has played in enhancing the achievement of the development goals. According to Pronk, apart from impacting a countrys democracy and political system, foreign aid has equally been effective in enhancing good relations between the countries. One of the basic aspects of foreign relations is good interactions between the two countries involved. This in turn may improve various sectors within the nation for instance international trade. In addition to receiving grants from the foreign nations, the receiving country is able to take advantage of these interactions to establish a stable market for its products and especially in the case of exports. Through export, a country is able to enhance its economic standards and hence good living standards. Child and maternal mortality could be caused by aspects such as poverty which subjects individuals to poor liv ing standards. As a result, an improvement in living standards may have a direct influence on the rates of mortality. This is because the good financial abilities experienced in most parts of the country would mean that the members of the society are in good stead to access the medical care at the right time. The authors arguments support the fact that foreign aid has been effective in enhancing the achievement of millennium development objectives on child and maternal mortality. It can therefore be deduced that foreign aid enhances good relations between countries which improves export hence uplifting the economic levels as well as living standards (Dicken, 2008). The author however notes that these relations could be effective especially to the receiving nation when the country remains careful enough to understand and uphold the policies governing the foreign relations. Easterly, W. (2003) Can Foreign Aid Buy Growth The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 17(1), pp. 23-48. William Easterly in this article brings out a clear connection between foreign aid and economic growth as experienced in the receiving country. According to the author, the internal developments taking place within the nation may in most cases require a lot resources and financial aid. For instance, the development of industries, expansions of the health care sectors, development of infrastructure just to mention but few, are vital aspects within a nation which require adequate attention. As highlighted by the author, most countries especially in the developing regions tend to depend on external support in a bid to enhance its economic levels. For instance a country like Kenya receives grants from the US in terms of finances, expertise and other resources. Additionally, the relationship between Kenya and the Chinese government has seen the former receive support in terms of human resource especially in the area of industrializations (Dunning, 2003). The support then offers a perfect ground through which effective projects can be initiated and run. For instance, through the use of appropriate technology, the country is able to enhance its strategies in the area of agriculture hence increasing the yield of produce for export. A countrys economic level is therefore likely to rise as a result of increase in export. The article adequately highlights the fact that foreign aid when effectively managed plays a pivotal role in enhancing a countrys economic growth. Some of the benefits which come with economic growth include good infrastructure, more health facilities and high rates of employment just to mention but few. When such improvements are made especially in the societies where the individuals are more vulnerable, the rate of child and maternal mortality is greatly reduced. Elkins, Z. (2000) Gradations of Democracy'? Empirical Tests of Alternative Conceptualization. American Journal of Politica1 Science 44 (2), pp. 287-94 In this article, the author uses statistical data derived from the study of trends in East and Western parts of Africa to indicate that every year, the rate of child and maternal mortality can be averagely put at about 20%. According to the authors stipulations, the mortality rates registered an upward trend between the early and late 90s. One of the core factors cited to be the cause of child and maternal mortality is poverty which equally implies lack of a good economic ground. It can be deduced that most of the individuals who succumbed to these challenges especially during these periods lack enough financial or maternal resources which would entitle them to good health services. Through the use of supportive literature, the author highlights that the rate of child and maternal mortality has kept reducing with increase in development, availability of more foreign aid as well the emergence of technology. This article effectively intertwines the three elements noting that those coun tries who have managed to soar high heights in terms of development have better economies hence more foreign aid to the less developed areas. As noted by the author, technology has a unique connection with development hence the nations which have embraced more technological approaches in their strategies tend to develop at a faster rate. As a result of the cordial relationship with the developing nations, they are able to infuse their technological abilities in the recipient country in addition to pumping financial aid. To indicate how foreign aid has been used to enhance the achievement of millennium development goals on child and maternal mortality, the author uses the example of Europe where most countries have supported the needy nations by providing them with more sophisticated machines to be used in hospitals. These could include computerized equipment to guide the process of operation, carry out scanning, analyze and give reliable results with respect to an individuals medica l conditions. It can therefore be deduced from this review that the support a country obtains in terms of foreign aid can have a direct impact on the healthcare sector (Gasiorowski, 2000). This in turn improves the quality of services offered to infants as well as their mothers especially after child birth. Though foreign aid, an organization or a country is able to secure sophisticated medical equipment which when used enhance the effectiveness of these operations. Consequently, the introduction of more advancement in health facilities plays a pivotal role in reducing child and maternal mortality. London: Routledge. In this book, the authors explore some of the ways in which foreign aid has changed the face of Africa in line with the aspect of child and maternal mortality. According to the authors, there are various kinds of grants and support offered to nations across Africa depending on the extent of need. While some of these aids are basically aimed at poverty alleviation and improvement of living standards, foreign aid might take an alternative approach which involves empowering the society itself to be independent. One approach used by developing nations to empower the less able society is providing them with a unique environment where they can learn more about the basic concepts in life, skills and exploration of talent in a bid to have a better perspective to life. Hansen and Finn argue that the donors may achieve this by directly involving the society in liaison with the government on training programs for instance on healthcare services. When training and exposure takes place along such lines, the society especially the expecting mothers have their awareness on the related health risks enhanced. Consequently, through foreign aid, a nation is able to empower its citizens through relevant training and exposure programs. Statistical records show that the child and maternal mortality rates have been greatly reduced by 25% between 2010 2015 especially in areas where the women had prior adequate training, guidance and counseling through government sponsored programs (Hansen and Finn, 2000). Ditcher, T. (2005) Give Less Aid a Chance In this article, Thomas Ditcher takes a rather different point of view with regard to the effectiveness of foreign aid in enhancing the achievement of millennium development goals. He disagrees with the topical issue by outlining that the various forms of aids and grants offered to nations across Africa and other parts of the world have been of great help in saving certain emergency situations. However, the author notes that the existence and increase in foreign aid has, unfortunately, done little in alleviating poverty in most of these countries. This implies that even with the presence of foreign aid, a society is likely to remain poor especially when the aid is ineffectively managed. The author however notes that the support given especially in emergency situations has saved lives in one way or the other leading to decrease in the mortality rates. Subsequently, he points out good management approaches to these aids as the best approach for ensuring that the support brings the most benefit to the society. Methodology In order to obtain the results used for this discussion, the approach was qualitative hence involved the use of review of literature. From a list of articles and books on the topic of discussion, a total of 24 sources were selected and hence subjected to the review and the data analyzed to come with tacit conclusions. Discussion From the process, it can be deduced that foreign aid has played a crucial role in impacting the aspect of child and maternal mortality rates (Siqqiuia and Alam, 2009). Through foreign aid, countries have developed better health facilities and good roads which improve access to these services. Foreign aid also enhances training and empowerment of the society which enables them to deal with their challenges without overdependence on external help. Foreign aid also influences the democracy and economy of a country (Rowley and Barker, 2005). The benefits accruing from stability in these sectors can be reflected in other sectors like the health care industry to improve services and hence minimize more cases of mortality. Conclusion The discussion above reveals the important place of foreign aid especially for the nations that are less developed. The connections enhance good interrelations between countries which come with other benefits. However, foreign aid may remain ineffective in the enhancement of its goals and objectives when the receivers fail to manage the funds and resources effectively. It would therefore be important to install the right management strategies and hence ensure that countries get the best out of foreign aid. References Alesina, A. (2000) Who gives foreign aid to whom and why? Journal of Economic Growth 5 (1), pp. 3363. Arellano, C. and Bulir, A. (2009) The dynamic implications of foreign aid and its variability. Journal of Development Economics 88 (1), pp. 87102. Argenti, P. and Beck, K. (2005) The strategic communication imperative. MIT Sloan Management Review, 46(1), pp. 8389. Balkundi, P. and Harrison, A. (2006) Ties, leaders, and time in teams: Strong inference about network structures effects on team viability and performance. Academy of Management, 49(1), pp. 4968. Berthlemy, J. and Tichit, A. (2004) Bilateral donors aid allocation decisions a three-dimensional panel analysis. International Review of Economics and Finance 13 (3), pp. 253274. Bossidy, L. and Charan, R. (2002) Execution: The discipline of getting things done. New York: Crown. Breach, V. and Portrafke, N. (2014) Donor ideology and types of foreign aid Journal of Comparative Economics 42(1), pp. 61-75. Brown, S. (2005) Foreign Aid and Democracy Promotion: Lessons from Africa The European Journal of Development Research, 17(2), pp.179198 Brown, S. (2000) Donors Dilemmas in Democratization: Foreign Aid and Political Reform in Africa. New York: New York University Press. Brown, S. (2001) Authoritarian Leaders and Multiparty Elections in Africa London: Guilord. Dicken, P. (2008) Global Shift: Transforming the World Economy, 3rd Edn., New York: Guilford Press. Ditcher, T. (2005) Give Less Aid a Chance Retrieved from the website of the South African Institute of International Affairs https://www.saiia.org.za/archive-eafrica/special-feature-give-less-aid-a-chance.html Dunning, J. (2003) Multinational enterprise and the global economy, England: Addison-Wesley Publishers. Easterly, W. (2003) Can Foreign Aid Buy Growth The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 17(1), pp. 23-48. Elkins, Z. (2000) Gradations of Democracy'? Empirical Tests of Alternative Conceptualization. American Journal of Politica1 Science 44 (2), pp. 287-94. Friedman, T. (2006) The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century, California: Farrat, Straus, and Giroux. Gasiorowski, M. (2000) Democracy and Macroeconomic Performance in Underdeveloped Countries. Comparative Political Studies 33 (3), pp. 319-49. Goldsmith, A. (2001) Foreign Aid and Statehood in Africa International Organization, 55(1), pp. 123-148. Hansen, H. and Finn, T. (2000) Aid Effectiveness Disputed: Foreign Aid and Development. London: Routledge. Pronk, J. (2004) Catalysing development? A debate on aid, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Riddell, R. (2008) Does foreign aid really work? Oxford University Press, Oxford. Rowley, G. and Barker, K. (2005) The Questronic Project and the Ferranti MRT 100 A Boon for Survey Research The Professional Geographer, 37(4), pp. 459463. Siqqiuia, K. and Alam, Q. (2009) Diplomacy and Statecraft, Melbourne: Tilde University Press World Bank. (2002) World Development Indicators 2002 Database. Washington, D.C.: MJorld Bank. World Bank. (2002) A Case for Aid: Building a Consensus for Development Assistance Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Transport Economics of Ktmb free essay sample

Introduction Generally, transportation is the safe, efficient, reliable, and sustainable movement of persons and goods by over time and space. Several available types of transportation are used widely in the real life, which including railroads, buses, air, automobile, truck and, etc. In addition, the value-added activities, for example, door-to-door service, for transportation is essential to the elderly or disabled.No one can doubt the important of transportation to the economy, for instance; an excellent transportation spurs economic development by giving mobility to production factors, which permits scale economics and increase efficiency. Whats more, it also enlarges the area that consumers and industries can draw on for resources and products. KTM Komuter in Malaysia is a well-known transportation company, because it earns its great reputation by the profound history, advanced management, and all. The following parts will focus on the background, the success and limitation, the role and importance of the KTM Komuter to the economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Transport Economics of Ktmb or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was on June 1, 1885 where the first train in Malaysia to take its schedule during British colonial era. Previously it was known as the Federated Malay States Railways (FMSR) and the Malayan Railway Administration (MRA). Keretapi Tanah Melayu acquired its current name in 1962. 30 years later, which was on 1992, the company was corporatize but remains wholly owned by the Malaysian government. During the times, fares offered by KTMB are generally reasonable, but the low frequency of the intercity trains does make them competitive with other modes of transportation. However, KTMB has made numerous changes that lead to its current success. Until recently, the turnaround effort to steer KTMB back on track with reasonable profit or at the very least self-sustainable to cover its operating cost has been way too long overdue. Over the years, many of that turnaround effort have been proven failure. In KTMBs latest publicly available financial statement as at December 2009, it was reported that the company managed to rake in net profits of between RM9mil and RM15mil from 1993 to 1995.